Lā :2022-05-28  Puna: Fiber Composite

No ka ʻōnaehana kristal hexagonal ka lattice o ka kristal graphite maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana overlapping multi-layer i haku ʻia me nā ʻātoma kalapona i loko o ke ʻano hui pūnaewele apo ʻeono. I loko o ke apo ʻeono lālā, aia nā ʻātoma kalapona i ke ʻano o sp 2 hybrid

Kūlana kumu

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana lattice o ka aniani graphite maikaʻi loa no ka ʻōnaehana kristal hexagonal, kahi i haku ʻia me nā ʻātoma kalapona i haku ʻia me kahi ʻano hui pūnaewele apo ʻeono. I loko o ke apo ʻeono lālā, aia nā ʻātoma kalapona sp 2 hybridization. I ka sp2 hybridization, aia ka 1 2s electron a me 2 2p electron hybridization, e hana ana i ekolu like o na paa ikaika, o ka mamao pili he 0.1421nm, he 627kJ/mol ka awelika o ka ikehu paa, a he 120 na huina pili.

ʻO nā orbital 2p maʻemaʻe i koe ma ka mokulele hoʻokahi, ua kū pololei i ka mokulele kahi i loaʻa ai nā mea paʻa ʻekolu, a ʻo nā kaha-N o nā ʻātoma kalapona i hoʻokumu i ka hoʻopaʻa N, ua ʻano like kekahi me kekahi a ua uhi ʻia a lilo i N nui. -paʻa; Hiki i nā electrons non-localized ma ka n electron ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa like me ka mokulele, e hāʻawi iā ia i nā waiwai conductive. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka mālamalama i ʻike ʻia, e hana ana i ka graphite ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikaika van der Waals ma waena o nā papa graphite ma mua o ka ikaika paʻa valence i loko o nā papa. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā papa he 0.3354nm, a ʻo ka ikehu paʻa he 5.4kJ/mol. Hoʻopili ʻia nā papa graphite e ka hapalua o ka symmetry hexagonal a hana hou ʻia i kēlā me kēia papa ʻē aʻe, e hana ana i ka ABAB.

Hoʻolālā [4], a hāʻawi iā ia me ka lubrication ponoʻī a me ka interlayer i loko o ka hiki, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Figure 2-5. ʻO ka carbon fiber kahi mea microcrystalline stone-ink i loaʻa mai ka fiber organik e ka carbonization a me ka graphitization.

Ua like ka microstructure o ke kalapona kalapona me ka graphite artificial, nona ka hale o ka polycrystalline chaotic graphite. Aia ka ʻokoʻa mai ka hana graphite i ka unuhi like ʻole a me ka hoʻololi ʻana ma waena o nā papa atomika (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 2-6). Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka paʻa covalent pūnaewele ʻeono i loko o ka ʻāpana atomic o - ʻo ia ka mea like me ke axis fiber. No laila, manaʻo nui ʻia ua haku ʻia ka fiber carbon me kahi ʻano graphite disordered ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ke axis fiber, e hopena i kahi modulus tensile axial kiʻekiʻe. He anisotropy koʻikoʻi ka lamellar structure o ka graphite, kahi e hōʻike ai kona mau kino kino i ka anisotropy.

Nā waiwai a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka fiber carbon

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka fiber carbon i ka filament, staple fiber, a me staple fiber. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia nāʻano mechanical i keʻano maʻamau a me keʻano hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO 1000 MPa ka ikaika o ka fiber carbon, ʻo ka modulus e pili ana i 10OGPa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka fiber carbon kiʻekiʻe i ke ʻano ikaika kiʻekiʻe (ikaika 2000MPa, modulus 250GPa) a me ke kumu hoʻohālike kiʻekiʻe (modulus ma luna o 300GPa). ʻO ka ikaika nui ma mua o 4000MPa i kapa ʻia ʻo ultra-high strength type; ʻO ka poʻe me ka modulus ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 450GPa i kapa ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ultra-high. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana aerospace a me ka mokulele, ua ʻike ʻia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe elongation carbon fiber, a ʻoi aku kona elongation ma mua o 2%. ʻO ka nui nui he polypropylene eye PAN-based carbon fiber. Loaʻa i ka carbon fiber ka ikaika axial a me ka modulus kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻohe kolo, ke kūpaʻa luhi maikaʻi, ka wela kūikawā a me ka conductivity uila ma waena o ka non-metal a me ka metala, kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka X-ray maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻilihune a maʻalahi hoʻi ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana i ka hopena, hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ma lalo o ka hana o ka waika ikaika, a hiki i ka carbonization metala, carburization, a me ka corrosion electrochemical ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka metala. ʻO ka hopena, pono e mālama ʻia ka fiber carbon ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.