Ụbọchị :2022-05-28  Isi mmalite: Ngwakọta eriri

Ọdịdị lattice nke kristal graphite dị mma bụ nke sistemu kristal hexagonal, nke bụ ihe mkpuchi ọtụtụ oyiri mejupụtara carbon carbon na nhazi netwọkụ mgbanaka nwere isii. Na mgbanaka nwere akụkụ isii, atom carbon dị n'ụdị ngwakọ sp 2

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Ọdịdị lattice nke kristal graphite dị mma bụ nke sistemu kristal hexagonal, nke mejupụtara carbon carbon nke nwere usoro netwọkụ mgbanaka nwere akụkụ isii. Na mgbanaka nwere akụkụ isii, carbon carbon bụ sp 2 hybridization dị. Na sp2 hybridization, e nwere 1 2s eletrọn na 2 2p electron hybridization, na-akpụ atọ Ẹkot o siri ike agbụ, nkekọ anya bụ 0.1421nm, nkezi nkekọ ike bụ 627kJ / mol na njikọ angle bụ 120 ọ bụla ọzọ.

Nke fọdụrụ dị ọcha 2p orbitals n'otu ụgbọ elu ahụ bụ perpendicular na ụgbọ elu ebe atọ o bond dị, na N-bonds nke carbon atom nke mejupụtara N-bond bụ ihe yiri ibe ha na overlap na-etolite a nnukwu N. - njikọ; Eletrọn ndị na-abụghị mpaghara na n eletrọn nwere ike ịgagharị n'otu n'otu na ụgbọ elu ahụ, na-enye ihe ndị na-eduzi ya. Ha nwere ike ịmịnye ọkụ a na-ahụ anya, na-eme ka graphite dị oji. Ike van der Waals n'etiti graphite layers dị nnọọ obere karịa ike njikọ valence n'ime ọkwa. Oghere dị n'etiti akwa bụ 0.3354nm, na ike nkekọ bụ 5.4kJ/mol. A na-eji ọkara nke hexagonal symmetry na-atụgharị n'ígwé graphite ma na-emegharị ya na oyi akwa ọ bụla ọzọ, na-akpụ ABAB.

Nhazi [4], na inye ya mmanụ mmanye onwe ya na ike ime interlayer, dị ka egosiri na foto 2-5. Carbon fiber bụ ihe ink nkume microcrystalline enwetara site na eriri organic site na carbonization na graphitization.

Microstructure nke eriri carbon yiri nke graphite artificial, nke bụ nke nhazi nke polycrystalline chaotic graphite. Ihe dị iche na nhazi graphite dị na ntụgharị oge na ntụgharị oge n'etiti ọkwa atọm (lee eserese 2-6). Nke isii-mmemme netwọk covalent njikọ na-ekekọta na atomic oyi akwa nke - nke bụ isi ihe yiri eriri axis. Ya mere, a na-ekwenyekarị na eriri carbon nwere usoro graphite na-emebi emebi n'akụkụ ịdị elu nke axis eriri, na-ebute modul axial tensile dị elu. Ọdịdị lamellar nke graphite nwere anisotropy dị ịrịba ama, nke na-eme ka ihe anụ ahụ ya na-egosikwa anisotropy.

Njirimara na ngwa nke carbon fiber

Enwere ike kewaa eriri carbon ka ọ bụrụ filament, fiber staple, na fiber staple. A na-ekewa akụrụngwa akụrụngwa n'ime ụdị izugbe na ụdị arụmọrụ dị elu. The General carbon fiber ike bụ 1000 MPa, modul bụ banyere 10OGPa. E kewara eriri carbon arụ ọrụ dị elu n'ụdị ike dị elu (ike 2000MPa, modulus 250GPa) na ụdị dị elu (modul n'elu 300GPa). Ike karịrị 4000MPa ka a na-akpọkwa ụdị ike dị elu; Ndị nwere modulus karịrị 450GPa ka a na-akpọ ụdị dị elu. Site na mmepe nke ikuku ikuku na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu, ike dị elu na elu elongation carbon fiber apụtawo, na elongation ya karịrị 2%. Ọnụ ego buru ibu bụ eriri carbon nke dabeere na polypropylene anya PAN. Carbon fiber nwere ike axial dị elu na modulus, ọ nweghị ihe na-akpụ akpụ, ezigbo ike ọgwụgwụ, okpomọkụ akọwapụtara na eletriki n'etiti ndị na-abụghị metal na metal, obere ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye thermal, ezigbo nguzogide corrosion, njupụta fiber dị ala, yana ezigbo nnyefe X-ray. Otú ọ dị, nkwụsị mmetụta ya adịghị mma ma dị mfe imebi, oxidation na-eme n'okpuru ọrụ nke acid siri ike, na carbonization metal, carburization, na electrochemical corrosion na-eme mgbe ọ na-ejikọta ya na ígwè. N'ihi ya, a ghaghị ịgwọ eriri carbon n'elu tupu ejiri ya.