Tsiku :2022-05-28  Gwero: Fiber Composites

Kapangidwe ka lattice kwa kristalo wabwino wa graphite ndi wa hexagonal crystal system, yomwe ndi yopangidwa ndi ma atomu a kaboni mumagulu asanu ndi limodzi a mphete. Mu mphete ya mamembala asanu ndi limodzi, maatomu a kaboni ali mu mawonekedwe a sp 2 wosakanizidwa

Mapangidwe oyambira

Kapangidwe ka lattice kwa kristalo wabwino wa graphite ndi wa hexagonal crystal system, yomwe imapangidwa ndi maatomu a kaboni opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe asanu ndi limodzi a mphete. Mu mphete ya mamembala asanu ndi limodzi, ma atomu a carbon ndi sp 2 hybridization alipo. Mu sp2 hybridization, pali 1 2s ma elekitironi ndi 2 2p electron hybridization, kupanga atatu ofanana o zomangira amphamvu, chomangira mtunda ndi 0.1421nm, pafupifupi chomangira mphamvu ndi 627kJ / mol ndi chomangira ngodya ndi 120 wina ndi mzake.

Ma orbitals otsala a 2p mu ndege yomweyi ndi perpendicular kwa ndege yomwe ma bond atatu ali, ndipo ma N-bond a ma atomu a kaboni omwe amapanga N-bond amafanana wina ndi mnzake ndipo amalumikizana kuti apange N yayikulu. - mgwirizano; Ma electron omwe sali m'deralo pa n electron akhoza kuyenda momasuka mofanana ndi ndege, ndikuipatsa katundu woyendetsa. Amatha kuyamwa kuwala kowoneka, kupanga graphite yakuda. Mphamvu ya van der Waals pakati pa zigawo za graphite ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya valence yogwirizana mkati mwa zigawozo. Mipata pakati pa zigawo ndi 0.3354nm, ndipo mphamvu ya mgwirizano ndi 5.4kJ / mol. Zigawo za graphite zimasunthidwa ndi theka la symmetry ya hexagonal ndikubwerezedwa mugawo lina lililonse, kupanga ABAB.

Kapangidwe [4], ndikuzipatsa mphamvu zodzitchinjiriza komanso zolumikizira mkati, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2-5. Mpweya wa kaboni ndi inki ya microcrystalline mwala yomwe imachokera ku organic fiber ndi carbonization ndi graphitization.

The microstructure wa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI ndi ofanana ndi graphite yokumba, amene ali dongosolo la polycrystalline chaotic graphite. Kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka graphite kuli pakumasulira kosakhazikika ndi kuzungulira pakati pa zigawo za atomiki (onani Chithunzi 2-6). Chomangira cha covalent network cha zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi chimamangidwa mu atomiki wosanjikiza wa - womwe umayenderana kwambiri ndi fiber axis. Chifukwa chake, amakhulupirira kuti mpweya wa kaboni umapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a graphite osakhazikika pamtunda wa ulusi wa ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti axial tensile modulus ikhale yokwera kwambiri. Mapangidwe a lamellar a graphite ali ndi anisotropy yofunikira, yomwe imapangitsa kuti thupi lake likhalenso ndi anisotropy.

Katundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito carbon fiber

Ulusi wa kaboni ukhoza kugawidwa kukhala ulusi, ulusi wapatali, ndi ulusi wamba. The makina katundu amagawidwa mu mtundu wamba ndi mkulu-ntchito mtundu. Mphamvu ya General carbon fiber ndi 1000 MPa, modulus ili pafupi 10OGPa. High-performance carbon fiber imagawidwa m'magulu amphamvu kwambiri (mphamvu 2000MPa, modulus 250GPa) ndi chitsanzo chapamwamba (modulus pamwamba pa 300GPa). Mphamvu zazikulu kuposa 4000MPa zimatchedwanso mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri; Amene ali ndi modulus yoposa 450GPa amatchedwa zitsanzo zapamwamba kwambiri. Ndi chitukuko cha makampani oyendetsa ndege ndi ndege, mphamvu zazikulu komanso kutalika kwa carbon fiber zawonekera, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi kwakukulu kuposa 2%. Kuchuluka kwake ndi polypropylene eye PAN-based carbon fiber. Mpweya wa carbon uli ndi mphamvu zambiri za axial ndi modulus, palibe kukwawa, kukana kutopa kwabwino, kutentha kwapadera ndi kayendedwe ka magetsi pakati pa zopanda zitsulo ndi zitsulo, kagawo kakang'ono kameneka kakuwonjezera kutentha, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kutsika kwa fiber, komanso kutumiza kwabwino kwa X-ray. Komabe, kukana kwake kumakhala kosauka komanso kosavuta kuwononga, okosijeni kumachitika pansi pa mphamvu ya asidi amphamvu, ndipo carbonization yachitsulo, carburization, ndi electrochemical corrosion zimachitika pamene ikuphatikizidwa ndi zitsulo. Zotsatira zake, kaboni fiber iyenera kuthandizidwa pamwamba musanagwiritse ntchito.