Itariki: 2022-05-28 Inkomoko: Ibikoresho bya Fibre

Imiterere ya lattice yuburyo bwiza bwa grafite ya kristu ni iy'ibice bitandatu bya sisitemu ya sisitemu, ikaba ari urwego rwinshi rwuzuzanya rugizwe na atome ya karubone mu mikorere itandatu igizwe n'abantu. Mu mpeta esheshatu zigizwe, atome ya karubone iri muburyo bwa sp 2 hybrid

Imiterere shingiro

Imiterere ya lattice yuburyo bwiza bwa grafite ya kirisiti ni iy'ibice bitandatu bya sisitemu ya kirisiti, igizwe na atome ya karubone igizwe n'abantu batandatu bagize umuyoboro w'impeta. Mu mpeta esheshatu zigizwe, atome ya karubone ni sp 2 ivanga rihari. Muri sp2 ivanga, hariho 1 2s electron na 2 2p electronique ivanze, ikora ibintu bitatu bihwanye na o ikomeye ikomeye, intera ihuza ni 0.1421nm, impuzandengo yingufu zingana ni 627kJ / mol naho impande zombi zingana 120.

Ibisigisigi 2p bisigaye mu ndege imwe ni perpendicular ku ndege aho imiyoboro itatu o iherereye, kandi N-imiyoboro ya atome ya karubone igizwe na N-bond irasa hagati yayo kandi igahuzagurika kugirango ikore N nini -bond; Electron idafite aho iri kuri n electron irashobora kugenda yisanzuye iringaniye nindege, ikayiha ibintu byayobora. Bashobora gukuramo urumuri rugaragara, rukora grafite umukara. Imbaraga za van der Waals hagati yubushushanyo bwa grafite ni munsi cyane ugereranije nimbaraga za valence murwego. Umwanya uri hagati yurwego ni 0.3354nm, naho ingufu zububiko ni 5.4kJ / mol. Igishushanyo cya grafite gitondekwa na kimwe cya kabiri cyuburinganire bwa mpandeshatu kandi bigasubirwamo mubindi bice byose, bigakora ABAB ..

Imiterere [4], no kuyiha amavuta yo kwisiga hamwe nubushobozi bwimbere, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho 2-5. Fibre ya karubone ni microcrystalline yamabuye-wino yakuwe muri fibre organic na carboneisation no gushushanya.

Microstructure ya fibre karubone isa niy'ibishushanyo mbonera, biri mu miterere ya polycrystalline chaotic grafite. Itandukaniro ryimiterere ya grafite iri mubisobanuro bidasanzwe no kuzunguruka hagati ya atome (reba Ishusho 2-6). Urusobekerane rwibintu bitandatu bihuza umurongo wa atome ya - usanga ahanini ugereranije na fibre axis. Kubwibyo, muri rusange abantu bemeza ko fibre ya karubone igizwe na grafite itunganijwe neza yuburebure bwa fibre axis, bikavamo modulus ndende cyane. Imiterere ya lamellar ya grafite ifite anisotropy ikomeye, ituma imiterere yumubiri nayo yerekana anisotropy.

Ibyiza nibisabwa bya fibre karubone

Fibre ya karubone irashobora kugabanywamo filament, fibre fibre, na fibre fibre. Imiterere yubukanishi igabanijwe mubwoko rusange nubwoko bukomeye. Imbaraga za karubone rusange ni 1000 MPa, modulus ni 10OGPa. Imikorere ya karubone ikora cyane igabanijwe mubwoko bukomeye (imbaraga 2000MPa, modulus 250GPa) na moderi yo hejuru (modulus iri hejuru ya 300GPa). Imbaraga zirenga 4000MPa nazo zitwa ultra-high strength type; Abafite modulus irenze 450GPa bita ultra-high moderi. Hamwe niterambere ryinganda zindege nindege, imbaraga nyinshi hamwe na fibre ndende ya karubone fibre yagaragaye, kandi kuramba kwayo kurenze 2%. Umubare munini ni polypropilene eye PAN ishingiye kuri karubone. Fibre ya karubone ifite imbaraga za axial nyinshi na modulus, nta kunyerera, kurwanya umunaniro mwiza, ubushyuhe bwihariye n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi hagati yicyuma nicyuma, coefficente ntoya yo kwagura ubushyuhe, kurwanya ruswa neza, ubwinshi bwa fibre, hamwe no kwanduza X-ray. Nyamara, ingaruka zayo zirwanya ubukene kandi byoroshye kwangirika, okiside ibaho bitewe na acide ikomeye, kandi karuboni yicyuma, carburisation, hamwe na ruswa yamashanyarazi ibaho iyo ihujwe nicyuma. Nkigisubizo, fibre karubone igomba gutunganywa mbere yo kuyikoresha.